Title: Sample preparation for microstructural analysis using 3D printed tools

Abstract

The combination of internet cloud-sourced designs, open-source control interfaces and 3D printing technology, has made possible a new paradigm of science in which tools and components can be prepared as needed on-site. With the use of naturally-sourced, biodegradable filaments and recycling of waste and old prints, research labs can reach their sustainable development goals as outlined by the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. A series of low-impact devices for preparation of samples for microstructural analysis have been developed. A core drill and a dimple grinder/polisher for preparing electron transparent samples for transmission electron microscopy (TEM), a manual grinding tool for preparing samples of uniform thickness, and a vibratory polishing machine for preparing low-damage surfaces for metallography and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). These devices have been made using 3D printing and can be prepared by any lab with a 3D printer. The inherent weaknesses of 3D printing, such as dimensional reproduction, surface roughness and printing irregularities, have been overcome by innovative design principles, and subsequently the devices are capable of precise application. Although there are general guidelines for preparation, the exact process needs to be developed and refined for each specific material. The devices are not intended to compete with existing commercial products; however, they illustrate the potential of a new paradigm of science aimed at reducing carbon emissions and preserving the natural environment.