All observed phenomenon under irradiation are determined by processes of energy transformation in matter, depended on: (1) initial properties of matter; (2) irradiation parameters (3) characteristics of irradiation medium. Our universal scheme of transformation and accumulation of energy in solids under all types of irradiation, where radiation-stimulated processes and structural and phase damages, that cause the observed modifications of all properties of solids, are analyzed. It is included 33 blocks with its detail explanations shows possible channels of energy redistribution in temporal sequence from beginning of irradiation till formation of stable structures. Blocks are reflected excitation of electron and atomic subsystems, generation of point, linear and volume defects, plasma ablation, generation of acoustic and shock waves, different types of diffusion, mass transfer, thermal and deformation fields, fracture and hardening. The most interest is the extreme which radiation effects, generate new unique phenomena, unattainable with usual low intense irradiation. They include wide range of plasma, mechanical processes with 1st and 2nd order phase transitions. We consider effects under irradiation with intense pulsed electron (IPEB); and ion (IPIB) beams in dielectrics, metals, alloys and multilayers; brittle fracture of solids by IPEB and long range effects in unirradiated irradiated regions by shock waves with generation of dislocations and hardening at high depth of exposed to IPIB with pulses (10–8–10–6 s), intensities (108–1010 W/cm2) fluences (1–100 J/cm2/pulse). These effects were stable, found in different materials using different accelerators in research science centers of Russia, USA, and Japan. These facts testify to the manifestation of some fundamental laws or regularities of radiation interaction with matter. We used our results in development of new patent protection methods for radiation treatment of solids.
Share this page on your timeline